11个葡萄品种在乐山地区的花芽分化规律

研究了11个葡萄品种3年生树在四川乐山地区避雨栽培条件下的花芽分化表现。结果表明,结果母枝的花芽分化率,魏可、维多利亚、黑芭拉多、金手指、金优2号和巨玫瑰6个品种的都高于50%,较易形成花芽;户太8号、巨峰、夏黑的在43%~48%;美人指和红指较难形成花芽。结果母枝不同节位的花芽分化率,多数品种在第3节位≥50%;结果枝上花穗着生节位在第3.8~4.9节,其中双花率以巨玫瑰、巨峰和户太8号较高,分别为83.45%、73.61%和73.06%。以结果母枝的花芽分化率≥50%节位作为冬剪的最低节位,则金优2号、户太8号、巨玫瑰、金手指、维多利亚5个品种在第3~4节,黑芭拉多和巨峰2个品种在第2~3节,魏可在1~2节。夏黑表现花芽分化率较低,为43.33%,可能与夏黑不耐弱光有关,设施栽培时应加强透光性。     

赤霉酸及矮壮素对苦瓜性别表现的影响

以兰山大白、株洲长白和英引３个苦瓜品种为材料进行外源激素处理对苦瓜植株性别表现影响的试验．结果表明，苗期进行ＧＡ３２５～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理有明显的促雌效果；ＣＣＣ５０～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理则有促雄效果，但促雄程度因品种而异，ＣＣＣ５００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理对兰山大白有适度的促雌作用．外源激素处理对苦瓜植株性别分化的影响可持续８０ｄ以上．苦瓜第一雌花形成与茎尖ＧＡ３含量达到峰值有关，２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＧＡ３处理使茎尖ＧＡ３含量的峰值提前出现而使第一雌花形成提早，而１００ｍｇ／ＬＣＣＣ处理使茎尖ＧＡ３含量先下降再逐渐回升而使植株第一雌花形成滞后     

狗舌草提取物诱导淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞分化的研究

以单猪屎豆碱（MO）、槲皮素（QU）和环磷酰胺（CY）为参照，观察了狗舌草600mL／L乙醇提取物（EX）对淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞体外试验的形态变化；利用流式细胞术，从DNA分子水平上检查了EX对L1210细胞各周期相的影响，探讨EX对L1210细胞的分化机理。结果发现，EX能够使L1210细胞向淋巴细胞方向发展；经EX作用24h后，L1210细胞G0＋G1期的百分比较对照组明显升高。提示EX对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用可能是由于G1期的阻滞所致。     

用单层分化法进行胚胎干细胞神经分化的研究

用单层分化法研究了 ES细胞从 0～ 316 h(第 14天 )的神经分化过程。无饲养层培养的 ES细胞在无血清的N2 B2 7培养基中开始神经分化。从 72 h开始 ,神经外胚层的特异性转录因子 Sox1表达 ,在克隆的边缘逐渐出现向外迁移的细胞 ,形状呈圆形或椭圆形 ,有 1～ 2个细胞突起。在 191h(第 8天 )之后 ,细胞可迁移至克隆边缘的 2 0 0 μm之外 ,这些有细长突起的细胞表达神经元特异性蛋白 Tau。以后 ,迁移细胞的突起开始交叠成网状。 316 h(第 14天 )时 ,细长的纤维可跨越在不同的克隆之间 ,长达上千微米。此时 ,免疫染色的结果表明 ,在克隆的中央有较多的圆形 Nestin阳性细胞 ,而克隆的边缘有大量的 β- tubulin 阳性细胞 ,它们交织成复杂的网状图像。阶段性表达基因的表达时序研究表明 ,ES细胞的特异性转录因子 Oct4开始减弱时 ,Sox1表达开始 ,此时细胞由全能状态进入早期神经分化状态 ;Tau的表达是 Sox1表达的下游事件。这一时序与胚胎发育中神经发生的时序相符。单层分化法能直观地展示 ES细胞的神经分化过程 ,可作为研究细胞分化、胚胎发育及药物筛选的体外模型     

蝎子草属植物的分类

在对我国１３个省区的蝎子草属植物进行调查、采集、鉴定大量植物标本的基础上，比较分析了国内外有关资料和模式标本，研究了其系统发育的规律性，提出蝎子草属４种２亚种的新观点。     

哺乳动物体细胞克隆研究进展

哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术是近年来才发展起来的技术，但体细胞克隆绵羊－多利的诞生却引起了世界轰动，充分显示了其重在的科学研究价值和潜在的应用价值。本文对哺乳动物体细胞克隆技术研究现状，理论基础研究，应用等方面作一综述。     

甘肃白银地区生态区域分异及其恢复途径初步探讨

依据白银地区的水-热及土壤基质等自然环境状况及生态恢复需要,划分白银地区为冷温微润、冷温微干、微温微干、微温干旱、微温极干5个生物气候及生态恢复区、10个恢复亚区.根据各恢复区的基本特征、退化现状和退化主导因子的分异,探讨了区域生态恢复途径.     

Development of a semi-selective medium and an immunofluorescence colony-staining procedure for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in cattle manure slurry

Various compounds and basal media were tested for their suitability to create a semi-selective medium for isolation ofClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus (Cms) from cattle manure slurry containing c. 10⁸ colony forming units (cfu) per ml.Plating efficiency of Cms in yeast glucose mineral medium (YGM) was 104% compared with yeast peptone glucose medium. Nalidixic acid, polymyxin B sulphate and the experimental disinfectant S-0208 inhibited colony growth of cattle slurry bacteria as compared with Cms in YGM. The optimal concentration of these inhibitors in combination was determined by modified agar diffusion tests and by pour plating in 24-well tissue culture plates. The semi-selective medium YGMI consisted of YGM supplemented with nalidixic acid (2 mg/l), polymyxin B sulphate (30 mg/l) and S-0208 (125 mg/l). Plating efficiency varied for Cms between 50.9 and 69.6%, for cattle slurry bacteria between 1.8 and 2.5% and for saprophytes from potato heel end extracts between 11.5 and 27.4%.Differentiation of Cms colonies from other colonies was based on their small and bluish colony morphology in pour plates and on immunofluorescence colony-staining (IFC). IFC of a pure culture of micro colonies of Cms in YGM was possible after one day incubation (colonies c. 5 cells). Green background fluorescence in the agar gels was prevented by addition of Tween 20 (0.1%) to the washing buffer and the use of 1% agar gels. IFC of macro colonies of Cms in YGMI, visible with 4x objective magnification, was possible after 4 days. The detection level of the target organism in artificially inoculated cattle slurry in YGMI based on colony morphology varied between 1.4×10³ and 2.3×10⁴ cfu per ml of cattle slurry. Miniaturized plating combined with IFC, using wells in tissue culture plates (=16 mm), proved suitable for detection, but was c. 30 times les sensitive. The recovery of Cms was negatively correlated with the number of saprophytic colonies in the agar plates (R ²=0.74).     

Age-related resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is associated with the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis and is effective against Peronospora parasitica

As plants mature it has been observed that some become more resistant to normally virulent pathogens. The ability to manifest the Age-Related Resistance (ARR) response in Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars tomato (Pst) coincided with the transition to flowering in plants both delayed and accelerated in the transition to flowering. ARR was also associated with a change in PR-1 gene expression, such that young plants expressed PR-1 abundantly at 3 days post inoculation (dpi) while mature plants expressed much less. The Arabidopsis ARR response requires SA accumulation via isochorismate synthase (ICS1) [24]. ICS1 was expressed one dpi with virulent and avirulent Pst in both young and mature plants. The ARR response was also effective versus avirulent Pst providing an additional 4-fold limitation in bacterial growth. Arabidopsis ARR was found to be ineffective against two necrotrophs, Erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (bacterium) and Botrytis cinerea (fungus) and one obligate biotroph, Erysiphe cichoracearum (fungus). However, mature wild type, SA-deficient sid2 and NahG plants supported little growth of the obligate biotrophic oomycete, Peronospora parasitica. Therefore ARR to P. parasitica appears to be SA-independent, however the level of ARR resistance was somewhat reduced in these mutants in some experiments. Thus, there may be numerous defence pathways that contribute to adult plant resistance in Arabidopsis.     

水稻白叶枯病菌单细胞系毒力分化研究

 以稀释倒平板法从0型菌086和IV型菌967-4和9620中分离到59个单细胞系;在12个近等基因系品种上,086和其单细胞系表现为弱毒力,2个IV型菌及其单细胞系能克服抗病基因Xa-1、2、3、8、10、11、14的抗性,不能克服Xa-21、4、5、7、13的抗性;带主效抗病基因的品种Asominori、XM5、M41、XM6和丰锦能把3个母株的59个单细胞系区分为12种数量差异或质量差异的不同致病型;将此5品种与近等基因系配合,适合作为病菌致病基因变异频度监测的寄主;采用"段叶沙培,切口取菌胶"法分离病菌,在中国致病型鉴定品种上划分的致病型,是田间病菌群体毒力结构的表型反应。